Beginners level course wordpress

WordPress is one of the most powerful content management systems available.  It's versatile, constantly updated, and totally free.  And with it, you can create simple blogs, large complex websites,and anything in between.  Now, learning how to use it without any prior experience can be quite difficult.  But after taking this course, I guarantee that you'll be very comfortable installing WordPress, adding new content, customizing themes, installing plugins, and also managing existing blogs or websites.  This course is quite large, sowe're gonna split it up in three chapters.  First, we'll discuss the basics,what is WordPress, how to install it,both locally and on a live server.  And we'll also get familiar with the dashboard.  The second chapter is dedicated to content management.  Here, you'll learn how to work withposts and pages, how to upload media, how to manage comments, and also how to work with widgets and menus.  In the third and final chapter, you'll learn about working with themes, plugins, and also how to customizeWordPress with the built-in settings.  We have a lot to go through solet's kick things off with the basics.  In the next lesson, we'll dive a littlebit deeper into what is WordPress.  See you there.  Hello and welcome to the firstlesson of this course.  Now, I'm going to assume that you have no experience with WordPress whatsoever.  So we're going to getstarted with the basics.  In this lesson,you're going to learn what is WordPress, where you can get it,what you can do with it, and also the difference betweenwordpress.com and wordpress.org.  Let's begin.  What is WordPress?  Well, let's use two definitions for it.  The simplest definition would be thatWordPress is a piece of software that you can install and use to create a blog, an app, a website, and so on.  The more complex definition would be that WordPress is a CMS or content management system.  Now from its name, I think you can deduce what it's for, right?  It's for managing content.  So WordPress gives you a platform that you can use to share content with the world.  And it also gives you all the toolsyou need to do that efficiently and effortlessly.  So that is WordPress basically.  It's an open source software, and open source means that itssource code is freely available.  So anyone in the world cancontribute to it to make it better, to improve it, and so on.  As I was saying in the previous lesson,it's also free, so that's a big bonus.  And WordPress has been around forquite a while now.  And during this time,it was constantly updated.  And it's now reached versionfive point something, I don't know the exact number,but it's past version five.  And during this time at each major version, and new features were added.  The platform itself was improved a number of times.  Bug fixes all over the place.  So the team behind WordPress is hardat work to bring us new features and to make content publishing much easier foreverybody.  So that's a quick lookat what is WordPress.  Now where can I get it?  Well, you can work with WordPress in two different ways.  You can go to wordpress.org or you can go to wordpress.com.  And depending on how you want to work with WordPress, you would choose one of the two.  So let me show you.  WordPress.org is where you can get the standalone version of WordPress and install it on your own server.  WordPress.com allows you to build a website with WordPress except you're using their own platform.  So your website will be hosted on their servers.  There's a slight difference here.  This one is the easiest option, because it removes like the more technical aspects of working with WordPress.  While this one is the slightly more complex option because you need a little bit more knowledge to get things up and running.  But it's not difficult at all, as you'll see during this course.  Now wordpress.com actually is a paid platform.  So of course you can start with a free plan that's available or you can choose fromdifferent pricing tiers.  And each one has a different set of features that are more or less better suited for certain types of users or a certain type of website or a blog.  It really depends on what you want to create.  And if you'll scroll down here, you'll actually see a comparisontable between each plan.  And you will see what you get and whatyou don't get for each of these plans.  So if you're gonna use wordpress.com, Istrongly suggest you check this out first.  So you can see which one is better suited for you.  To give you an example, if you want to be able to upload custom themes, which is here, you will need to start with the business plan or the e-commerce plan.  But if you just want like the very basic stuff, you can start with the free plan as well.  Now for this course,we're going to use wordpress.org.  We're going to download the standaloneversion of WordPress and we're gonna install it on our ownserver on our own computer and we're going to workwith it directly there.  So what can you create with WordPress?  Well as I was saying in the introduction,from simple blogs, to large, complex websites andanything in between.  Basically, anything thatcan be created by using a content management system,can be created with WordPress.  So if you have orif you need to create a website for, I don't know, a car dealership,you can do that with WordPress.  Maybe a website for a real estate agency.  You can do that with WordPress,a portfolio for a photographer, maybe, you can do that.  An app can do that as well.  It might require a little bit more coding.  Depending on the app, but you can totally do it.  So as I was saying, WordPress is very versatile,you can create virtually anything with it.  And that's what makes it sopopular and so powerful.  It has this huge community behind itthat's constantly working on the code.  That's constantly producing themes andplugins so that this platform that wasonce just a blogging system, just a blogging platform is now a powerhouse, an amazing tool that can be used to create virtually anything on the web.  Now, since you are somewhat familiar with what WordPress is all about, let's proceed to installing it.  We'll start in the next lesson where you'll learn how to install WordPress on your local machine and what kind of software you need to make it all work.  See you there.  Welcome to lesson two of this course, where you'll learn how to install WordPress.  Now, you can work with WordPress in two different ways.  Number one, on a live server,which means any changes you make will be visible immediately to everyonewho's visiting your website.  Or number two, you can work locally on your computer, which means that any changes you make are only visible there,on your computer locally, okay?  And this allows you to test and develop your website,your WordPress project, as much as you want before sending it to a live server or publishing it.  In this lesson you're going to learnhow to work locally with WordPress, and also what kind of software you need.  Let's begin.  So before we get into the software part, Iwanna quickly explain how WordPress works.  So WordPress, as I said, is a piece of software, right?  But it has certain requirements in order to run properly.  And one of those requirements is a web server, okay?  Or a web server software.  A web server software is Apache, that's one of them.  NGINX, I believe, is the second one.  There are a couple more, but these two are very popular, especially Apache.  And Apache is, of course, free software.  Now, what WordPress also needs is support for PHP and also a database management system.  And that can be MySQL, it can be MariaDB,there are a couple others as well.  Apache supports both of these, soit supports PHP, among other things.  And PHP is a programming language,in which WordPress is written.  And it also supports MySQL,which is this database management system.  And with it you can basically create databases that WordPress then uses to store informationabout your website.  So, the very first step in working with WordPress locally is to use a software that can emulate a webserver on your local machine.  Now, there are a couple of options here.  One of the most popular one, and the onethat we're gonna use in this course, is called MAMP.  And it also has a pro version,which is paid and it offers some extra features.  But for this demonstration,the free version is more than enough.  So as you can see here,MAMP is a free local server environment that works on macOS and Windows.  Another alternative would be XAMPP.  This is a more cross-platform option because it works on Windows,macOS and Linux.  So depending on your operating systemyou can go and install either of these, they work just as well.  As I was saying,we're gonna be using MAMP.  So I have MAMP installed,I have the free version right here, and if you're using macOS,this is kind of what you'll see.  Right here you'll see somestatus LEDs telling me, hey, the Apache server is up and running,the MySQL server is up and running.  So what you need to donext is create a database.  So go to Open WebStart page, and that'sgonna take you to your MAMP configuration.  From here you have the ability to open up the MAMP directory, which we'll do later, and you can also access some tools.  So what we need here is PHPMYADMIN,let's open that in a new window.  And here you'll see all of the databasesthat are currently created.  For this installation,we're gonna create a new database.  So we're gonna go to Databases, and where it says Create database we'regonna give it a database name.  Let's call it wp-demo-tuts.  And we're gonna hit Create.  So right now we have a new database,wp-demo-tuts, created right here.  That's all you need to do here, you don't have to worry about the structure because WordPress will automaticallypopulate this database for you.  All right, that's step one.  Step two is to download WordPress.  So go to wordpress.org,click Get WordPress.  Download WordPress, and the version that's currently available at the time of this recording is 5.2.2.  So I say, Download.  Let's save it, and I have that right here in my Downloads folder, where it says wordpress-5.2.2.  >> I'm just gonna extract this archive,right?  So now what you need to do is take this,copy it, and go to your MAMP folder.  By default it's gonna be called htdocs,I believe.  However, I have a customconfiguration here.  Let me just show you.  If I open up the preferences here,and I go to Web Server, you can see that my document root is actually adi > Desktop > MAMP.  You can put this in any folder you want really, it doesn't really matter.  Okay, so going to the folderwhere you have your MAMP root, and I'm gonna paste in that WordPress folder.  You can rename this, if you want.  I'm gonna call it wp-demo-tuts,just like our database.  You don't have to do that, by the way.  The fact that it has the same names as the database is irrelevant, this can be any name that you want.  All right, so now what we need to do is, we're gonna need to go back to our MAMP starting website.  If you closed that, no problem,simply open up your MAMP app again and you'll see an Open WebStart page,and it's gonna take you right here.  And you just click My Website, and this will get you to the rootwhich is localhost:8888, which is the default port this runs on.  And from here,we're gonna choose wp-demo-tuts.  Don't worry about wp-latest, that's another WordPress installation I have.  We're not gonna play with that.  So, wp-demo-tuts, and this is gonna open up the setup wizard forWordPress.  Choose the language, hit Continue.  This is gonna tell youthat before you proceed, you need to know a coupleof things from here.  It gives you a list.  We're gonna hit Let's go.  Database name, this is where weput in this name right here.  They need to match, so wp-demo-tuts.  Username is gonna be root,password is gonna be root.  Database host, we'll keep it at localhost.  Table prefix,this is not that important, it just adds this wp_ to the name of each tablethat's gonna be created in the database.  You can change this if you want,I'm gonna leave it just like that.  So hit submit, run the installation.  We're gonna give it a site title,we're gonna say WordPress Demo Tuts.  Username, let's say admin.  And the password, just so we can remember it, we're gonna say password.  And by the way, you shouldn't do this.  You shouldn't put password as your actual password, but I think we'll get away with it for this demo.  I'm gonna enter my email address here, and we're gonna disable the search engine indexing.  By the way, this is an option that youshould leave unchecked on a live website.  But since we're working locally,we can go ahead and check that.  So with all of this in,let's install WordPress.  And it has been installed.  Nice, let's log in.  Admin and password, And now we're in.  We now have a fully working installation of WordPress, and if we wanna see the front end,or our actual website, we can simply hover this,click it, or click Visit Site.  And there we go,we now have WordPress installed locally.  Now, what about on a live server?  We'll cover that in the next lesson.  There, you'll learn how a live server is different from your local machine, and also the steps you need to take to publish your website with WordPress.  See you there.  Welcome to Lesson number three.  As I was saying previously,you can work with WordPress in two ways, either locally on your machine or on a live server.  The thing is,when you work locally on your machine, as we saw in the previous lesson, that's just more for testing and development purposes.  You'll be the only onewho can see your website.  But if you want other people to see it, then you need to take it live byhosting it on a dedicated server.  So in this lesson you'll learn how a live server is differentfrom your local machine.  And also the steps you need to taketo publish a website with WordPress.  Let's begin.  So let's start with these stepsthat I was talking about.  How do you go from a WordPress website on your local machine that only you can see, to a WordPress website that every one can see that's up there on the internet and that's widely accessible?  Well, you need two things for it.  Number one, you need a domain name.  Number two, you need hosting.  So, the domain name, I'm sure you know what that is.  It's the address of your website,for example, nvotto.com.  That's the domain name.  And a hosting, is basically a server where you upload the files of your website.  And it's through that server thatall the interactions with the users, with the visitors, take place basically.  You need a physical location to store your website, so that's hosting.  And in today's Internet, there are so many companies that offer domainregistration and web hosting.  You just need to find one that suites yourbudget and one that's reliable, basically.  Now, personally, I'm gonna be using SiteGround.  I have a hosting plan, I purchased a one year plan with them.  And I don't have anybias towards SiteGround.  I just liked how they presented their services, plus nVital actually recommends SiteGround,so that was a big plus for me.  So I went ahead and I created an account with them.  I had an existing domain,which is adipurdila.design.  And this domain,I actually purchased I believe a year ago from Porkbun andPorkbun is another company that offers domain registration and they also offer hosting.  So I bought the domainwith them a while back, so now I bought some hosting with SiteGround.  And I got the cheapest plan available.  It was about $4 I believe,when paid yearly.  And that will give me the option to install WordPress and just do my thing.  Now, you can chose as I was saying, whatever hosting provider you want,there are a lot them.  Simply Google the best,I don't know, web hosting in 2019 or 2020, whatever year you'rewatching this from.  And there are people who always review these kinds of things and you'll find updated lists.  You can just off the top of my head,some companies that I've heard of, and I know they have positive reviews.  It's Bluehost, HostGator, what else?  Media Temple, was another one of them.  But again, don't feel the need to just go with my recommendations.  Just do a little bit of research and pick the one that's best suited for you.  Now, I was mentioning in the beginning of this lesson, the difference between a live server and a local server that you just saw.  I believe the difference when it comes to,or that is relevant to what we'rediscussing today is the ease of use.  Because on a local server,you have to do some things manually.  You need to install the webserver software manually.  You need to download WordPress manually, right?  You need to do that configurationbasically manually.  While on the live server, if the guys offering hostinghave their things in order, they usually offer oneclick installations for most applications like WordPress andMagento and whatever platform they're offering.  So, when you're using a liveserver that facilitates this, it's really easy to get started.  You don't have to download anything, youjust say, look, I wanna install WordPress.  Click and you go through a little wizard,entering your information and just like that, WordPress is installed.  In fact, let's go ahead and install WordPress right here on my SiteGround account.  So what you do is you go to websites, and you can see that I have this website right here that says pending.  You can also see my hosting plan.  So let's go to Complete,Start New Website.  I'm gonna choose WordPress.  Let's set up some login details, like my email address and the super secret password.  So I'm gonna stick with that password.  Let's click Finish, so that's now creating my site, and we're all set.  It says, your website with domainadipurdila.design has been created.  Now, If you go to adipurdila.design, you're gonna see that it says,parked on the Bun.  This is basically a placeholderpage that's displayed by the domain registrar if nowebsite is built there basically.  So, what we need to do next is point our domain to these new host servers.  To do that, you will need to go to your domain registrar or the website that you used to register your domain.  In my case, this is Porkbun, okay?  So I'm gonna sign in here.  Once I'm in here, I need to click my user,then Domain Management.  And I can see all my domains listed here.  I am gonna click Details and where it saysauthoritative name servers, hit Edit.  I am gonna delete these default ones.  I'm gonna paste the names that I got from here, these two and I'm gonna hit submit.  And that's it, that's all we can do fornow because usually the propagation of the new DNS or the new name servers takes up to 48 hours.  So we're not gonna be able to do anythinguntil that propagation takes place.  Now, if we go back to my SiteGround account, we can actually access some tools for managing our site.  And this is the SiteGroundstarting page basically.  If we go to WordPress, and we go to Install and Manage.  We have the option to log into the admin panel here, and just work with WordPress just like we would normally do.  We cannot do that right now because as I said, the name servers don't match,so my domain still points to Porkbun instead ofpointing to SiteGround.  So after 48 hours,after propagation is done, I'll be able to work with this as normally.  All right, so that was a quick look at how to install WordPress on a live server.  Even though we cannot see the actual installation because the name server propagation takes a while.  After that takes place, the rest is exactly the same as you saw in the previous lesson.  You get to the WordPress dashboard, you can access your live website and that's pretty much it.  Anything that you can do or you would do on your local machine, you can do the samething on a live server.  It's exactly the same thing.  So, WordPress is now installed and ready to go.  What do we do next?  Well, let's start with the WordPress dashboard.  In the next lesson, you'll learn how to use the dashboard and also how to customize it to fit your workflow.  See you there.  Welcome to lesson number four.  Now, the very first thing you'll see when you open the WordPress back end or the admin panel is the dashboard.  This is your starting place for the majority of tasks you'll be performing in WordPress.  In this lesson, you'll learn how to use this dashboard, and also how to customize it to fit your preferences and workflow, let's begin.  So we're gonna work locally,we're gonna go to wp-demo-tuts/.  And if you want to get to the admin panel, you simply add, wp-admin.  You'll log in, and now you've landed on the dashboard.  So the dashboard is made up of a few different cards that will give you information, statistics, and also quicklinks to your most common actions.  Like for example,writing a blog post, adding a page, viewing the site,customizing your site, and so on.  So this first panel isWelcome to WordPress, these are just some links to help you get started.  From here, you can customize the site,change the theme, these I already mentioned.  And you can also manage widgets, menus,turn comments on or off, and so on.  Then we have a card herethat's called At a Glance.  This basically gives you statistics,how many posts you have, how many pages, how many comments.  Also, it tells you what version of WordPress you have and what theme you are currently using.  The Activity tells you whichposts were recently published, and which comments were recently added.  And from here, you also have options for the comment to unapprove,to reply, edit, and so on.  This is one of the more useful cards, it says Quick Draft, you basically give it a title and a bit of content, and you save a draft.  Now a draft is basically a version of a post or a page that's not published yet, but it's still saved in the database.  You can think of it as a work in progress, you start a draft, when you finish it, then you publish it, right?  Well, with this, you can do that really quickly.  And then you also have some news right here about meetups, events, and so on.  Now the nice thing about this dashboardis the fact that you can customize it.  So for example, you can hide this card here, and you're only left with these.  If you're not interested in a particularcard, you can either do this, collapse it.  Or you can go to Screen Options, and you can choose which card or which box you want to see.  For example, if you want to hideWordPress Events, you just check that.  If you wanna bring back the welcomescreen, you can do that here, no problem.  Now you can also move these around, so maybe you want the Quick Draft here,maybe you want the Activity here.  There's a little bit ofcustomization you can do.  Another part of the dashboard is the Updates, which you can find on this menu on the left.  This basically gives youa status indicating whether or not you have the latest version of WordPress installed, and if your plugins andthemes are all up to date.  So that's the dashboard, and actually, that covers the basics of working with WordPress.  But we're just getting started,it's time we jump to the next chapter, which is content management.  And in the first lesson of this chapter,you'll learn how to add and edit posts and pages.  You'll also learn about the difference between these two types of content, see you there.  Welcome to lesson number five.  This is the start of a newchapter in the course, one which is dedicated to content management.  In the end, WordPress is a CMS,or a content management system.  So just from that title, I think you can realize just how important this chapter really is.  Now, in this lesson, you'll learn aboutadding and editing posts and pages.  These are the two main types of content in WordPress.  We'll also discuss the difference between the two.  So let's begin.  So what are posts and pages?  Well, in WordPress, we have several different types of content.  Four to be exact.  We have posts, comments, users, and links, okay?  Pages represent a post type.  Okay, so essentially, pages are posts, but they're a different post type.  Now, to see the difference between posts and pages in WordPress, let's check out our front end.  So this is the actual website that we're seeing here.  And what you see here, for example,this Hello world!, this is a post, okay?  It has a title, it has metadata, like the author, publish date, number of comments, and then it has the content.  And of course, you can attach comments to a post.  Pages, on the other hand,now let's see if we have one created.  We should have a sample page.  We do, here it is, Sample Page, right?  Pages are similar to posts, except theydon't have the metadata displayed.  And usually,they don't have comments, right?  So it's just a container for a specific piece of information.  And if you think about a regular website, you'll have your regular posts in the blog, right, the different entries, and then you have the website pages, the homepage, about page,contact page, portfolio page, right?  These are all individual pages.  They each present a different type of content.  And the difference between them and theposts is that they don't have comments, and they don't display that metadata,like the author, publish date and so on, because it's not necessary.  So that's the difference between posts andpages.  And I repeat, pages are just another type of post.  In the end, WordPress has these four content types.  We have posts, users, comments, and links.  So now that we know the difference, let'ssee how we can manage posts and pages.  So from the back end,let's start with posts.  If we click the Posts category here,we'll access some sub features, like adding new post, getting to the categories, and also the tags.  We'll cover these in just a little bit.  On the right side, we have the list of currently created posts.  We have a single one right now.  It's title is Hello world!  And when we hover on it, we have access to some quick actions like Edit, Quick Edit, which edits these posts in line, Trash to send it to the trash, or View toopen it in the front end, just like this.  If we click Edit the normal way, it'sgonna take us to the WordPress Editor, this is actually called Gutenberg, but we'll cover that in the next lesson, where we can edit the content of that post.  Now, if we want to add a new post, we can do that by clicking this button or this button.  Or we can go to the dashboard and we can quickly create a draft here,for example.  Click Save Draft.  And now if we go to Posts, we'll see that My draft now has the status of Draft, which means it's saved in my database but it's not published just yet, okay?  If we go back to the front end, you'll see that the only post wehave showing here is Hello world!  But if we decide, okay,I like this, let's publish it, We can go open it in the Editor,and we can either do a preview, which was gonna open it in a new window,or we can publish it directly.  And when we publish a post, we have the option to change its visibility.  So who will actually be able to see this post?  When do we want to publish it?  Immediately?  Or we can schedule a particular date and time for publishing.  And also, we can add tags to it.  So let's hit Publish.  Now the post is live.  So if we go back to our front end here, our website, we can see my draft is now available as a published post.  If at some point you decide to unpublish it, well, you go back to All Posts, My draft.  You can click Quick Edit.  And you can change the status here fromPublished to Pending Review or Draft.  Let's change that back, hit Update, sonow my post is again in the Draft status.  If you wanna delete it,simply click Trash, and it's gonna movethat post to the trash.  Be aware this doesn't delete it immediately.  Instead, it sends it to the Trash bin, and you can always access it here.  You can restore it if you want,or you can delete it permanently.  Now, what's all the talkabout categories and tags?  Well, if we open up Categories, you'll see the existing ones in this table, and we can also create a new category here.  Let's say, for example, creative, okay?  We can also type in an alternative name here.  This is the slug.  This will be displayedin the URL right here.  You can choose a parentcategory if you want.  Or if it's a first level category, you would just leave it like this.  Add New Category, and now I have a brand new one here.  And then we can go to our posts.  Let's choose, for example, Hello world!  And right here on the right side,under Tags, or under Categories, excuse me, we can choose whatcategory this belongs to.  And this is a great way for you to,well, categorize your posts.  Maybe you have a blog that covers many different topics, right?  So to make your life easier, and also to help your potential visitors finding content much easier, you would add these categories, right?  Maybe you talk about food ortraveling the world, so you would have categories for that.  Restaurants, food, traveling, hotels, and so on, okay?  So you would choose the category here and hit Update.  So now if we go back to All Posts, you will see that under Categories,we now have creative.  Clicking a category name in here,in this table, will actually show us all the posts that have that category.  This can also be done by filteringthe posts using this drop-down menu.  So those are categories.  What about tags?  Well, tags are similar to categories.  Let's add a few.  We can also add description to them.  All right, so now we created three tags, then we can go back to our posts and let's edit this.  And here on the right under Tags, we cantype, and it's gonna find the tag for us.  So now if we go back to our post, we can say that if we have categories but also tags.  And if we go back to the front end,we can see that the category and the tags are also displayed here onthe front end under the metadata.  So we have the author, publish date,category, tags, and comments.  It's very simple.  That's how you can publish a post and edit that post by adding categories andtags.  Now, when publishing a post, there are a couple more options you need to be aware of.  And you can find all of these options on this right side bar.  First, you can make a post sticky, right?  You can pin it to the top of the blog,regardless of the publish date.  Even if it was published two years ago and there are still more recent posts, this will always be displayed on the top.  Then you can edit the permalink.  And this is how the post appearsin the address bar right here.  If I open it, see this?  This is a permalink.  It's a link directly to that post, and you can edit that here.  Usually, I recommend you keep this by default, but you have the option to change it if you want.  Now, posts can also display featured images.  And a featured image is an imagebeing displayed on the front end before or after the title.  It really depends on the theme that you're using.  And we'll actually see this in actionwhen we get to the media site.  You can also define an excerpt.  And an excerpt is an optional piece of text that will be displayed right here as a preview to that post.  So when you're watching orwhen you're opening up the Index page or the Blog page, andyou see the list of posts, that list will not show the entirecontents of each and every post.  It's only gonna show a small portion of it.  Well, that is called an excerpt.  And then, finally, under Discussion, you have the option to allow comments, and also pingbacks and trackbacks.  These are just mechanisms forlinking to other pages on the web.  And that's all there is to it.  Now, let's move on to Pages.  So Pages is actually very similarto Posts, except, we don't have categories, andwe don't have tags for pages.  All right, so this is a samplepage that's provided by WordPress.  You can put any kind ofcontent that you want in here.  In fact, any content that worksin a post works in a page.  There is really no difference for that.  In terms of publishing,you have pretty much the same options as posts, except for the sticky part.  So you cannot make a page stickybecause it doesn't make sense.  Pages are their own thing.  They don't belong to a collection,right, like posts do.  There isn't an archive of pages.  Instead, there is an archive of posts.  You can also change the permalink,just like I discussed previously.  You can also add a featuredimage to a page.  And under Discussion,you can choose whether or not to allow comments, butthis is disabled by default.  With that said, if you want,you can allow comments on pages, although it's not a very common practice.  And here you can changethe order of the pages.  So it's very simple to add a new page.  Simply click this link here,Add New, or this button.  You'd give it a title, My page.  You would give it the content.  And then you change the options here andhit Publish.  So now that page is live, andyou can see it here by clicking this link.  Now, it might not appear inthe front end unless we have a menu.  We'll get to that in a little bit.  But if you wanna preview it, you can dothat very easily from the back end or the admin interface.  And that's it for posts and pages.  Now, in this lesson, you saw mebriefly adding some content in these, just to demonstrate their functionality.  In reality, the editor,which is called Gutenberg, is a brilliant piece of software thatwe need to explore in more detail.  So in the next lesson,you'll learn how to use Gutenberg, and also learn about its predecessor,which was retired in WordPress Version 5. See you there.  Welcome to lesson number six,where we'll talk about Gutenberg.  This is the name of the new andimproved editor in WordPress, and it's a relatively new edition.  It came out in Version 5.0, andyou can use it to edit posts and pages.  Now, in this lesson, you'll learnhow to use the Gutenberg blocks.  Which are individual pieces of content youcan simply drag and drop, to build a page.  And we'll also take a quicklook at the former editor, which is now available as a plugin,let's go.  Now, before we start,I just wanna mention this.  The Gutenberg editor has been coverednumerous times here on Tuts+.  And I've linked a couple of thosevideos in the lesson notes, so make sure you check those out.  In this lesson, I'm gonna give youthe quickest version possible, while showing you the essentialsof working with this new editor.  So Gutenberg is the defaulteditor now in WordPress.  And you can access it by going intoediting mode, on a post or on a page.  We're gonna be working with posts for now.  So the way Gutenberg works is that,on this left side here, on the canvas.  You have an exact preview of how the pagewill look like on the front end, okay?  Same colors, same fonts, same everything.  However, when we hover orclick on individual elements in the page,we have some extra options.  For example,when I hover on this paragraph, it tells me on the top left corner here,that it's a paragraph, okay?  And when I click on it, we select it,and we have some options here on top.  For example, I can change text alignment, I can make text bold, italic.  I can create a link or, I have some additional options here.  Or I can click this menu button,and I can choose to duplicate it.  I can choose to insert a block before orafter the block I just selected.  I can edit it as HTML,which does this, basically.  Or I can add it to somethingcalled Reusable Blocks.  And of course, I can remove it altogether.  Apart from these options,when you select a block, because that's what this is called,a block.  We also have additional options here,on the right side.  Now, these options depend on the block.  On a paragraph, for example,we have a starting text here, telling us, hey, this is a paragraph,and a small description.  Then we have text settings,I can choose the font size, or I can edit that in here manually.  I can choose whether or not I want thisparagraph to start with a drop cap, and I also have accessto some color settings.  I can choose from different colors,or a custom color, and I can choose the textcolor here as well.  On the Advanced tab, we can addan additional CSS class that we can later use to style this even further,so that's a paragraph.  Now, to add the new block,we can very simply click this little button herethat says Add block.  And Gutenberg, by default, comes with a lot of blocks that areorganized in these categories, all right?  So we have anything from, commontypography blocks like paragraphs and headings, to code blocks,to buttons, columns.  We have some widgets here.  So let's do, for example, I don't know,a column, let's click this, right?  So now we have a column here,and we have a column here.  And inside these columns,we can add more blocks.  So let's say I want, for example, a title, I can choose to insert a heading,and I can say hello.  And I can choose the heading size,I can choose the text alignment.  Notice, these option changed whenI introduced this new block.  On the second half,I can choose to simply just write text, or I can insert another block.  Let's say, for example,a quote, so there you go.  Now, if we click on the column block, we can choose the numberof columns that we want.  For me, 2 works just fine.  If you wanna delete this, then totallyfine, simply click this, Remove block.  If we want to change the order ofthese in the page, it's very simple.  Simply hover on the element, and you'll notice you have this options formove down, move up.  And we can also drag it,when we get this Mickey Mouse hand.  We can click and drag,and we can position this, Anywhere else in the page, andwe can do the same with this one.  It's really that easy, orwe can use the Up and Down arrows.  Now, up top,we also have some statistics here.  And this is the content structure,it tells us the word count, how many headings, paragraphs,and blocks we have.  And also, we get a document outline,title, columns, all right?  It gives us a run-down of what's going onin our page, which is really, really cool.  And up here, we have Block Navigation, which shows us all the availableblocks in our page.  And once everything is said anddone, simply hit Update.  And now, we can go to the front end, and we can see,the paragraph has been updated.  Or the post, excuse me,has been updated with our new content.  And notice that what you see hereis exactly what you get here, in the Gutenberg editor.  Well, except for the metadata,but the actual content, which is from here to here,looks exactly the same.  And that's the greatthing about Gutenberg, what you see here is basicallywhat you get on the real website.  And it's really easy to make changes,it's really easy to see your final post, or your final page,directly in the editor.  It's fantastic, and it's a definite, definite improvementover the classic editor.  Now, before we talk aboutthe classic editor, I just wanna mention a quick thing.  Gutenberg, as I was saying, comes witha few predefined blocks of content.  But you're not limited to these, you canactually create your own custom blocks.  That's a bit more advanced, butif you wanna learn about that, check out the lesson notes.  Whe're I've included a link to a tutorial,by yours truly, that shows you exactly how tocreate custom blocks for Gutenberg.  Now, I mentioned the classic editor.  Even though that was replacedwith Gutenberg, if you want, you can still get it bydownloading it as a plugin.  And it's really easy to find,simply go to Plugins, Add New.  And you'll see here a plugincalled Classic Editor, and you would choose to install that.  And once it's installed,you just activate it.  So now, if you go back to the post,instead of Gutenberg, you'll actually see the old editor.  So, I don't know, maybe you wouldbe more comfortable using this, because you were familiar with it.  Or maybe you simply don't like Gutenberg,and you decide to use this instead.  It doesn't matter,the plugin is there, it's free, you can download it anduse it at any time.  If, you have this installed, andyou wanna go back to Gutenberg, all you have to do isdeactivate the plugin.  You go to Plugins,find Classic Editor, click Deactivate.  So now, Gutenberg is back to being the default editor, all right?  And that's how you can edit posts andpages with Gutenberg, pretty cool, right?  Now, let's move on and talk about media.  In WordPress, we can upload mediafiles in the media library.  So in the next lesson, you'll learnhow to upload a new media file, how to organize thesefiles in the library.  And also how to use them in posts andpages, see you there.  Welcome to lesson number seven,where we'll talk about media files.  And that means images,videos, audio tracks, icons, PDF documents, and so on.  WordPress allows you to uploadpretty much any kind of file.  There are certain exceptions, but overall,all the common extensions are accepted.  In this lesson, you'll learn how toupload a new media file, how to organize these files in the media library, andalso how to use them in posts and pages.  Let's begin.  Now to upload a file,you would go to Media, and this will open up the media library.  As you can see,we have no files uploaded just yet.  But to do that, you would either clickthis Add New link or this button.  And this will open the upload screen.  And from here, you can eitherdrop the files with drag and drop from your browser, oryou can hit Select Files and select them from your computer this way.  So let's do it like this, Open.  Please notice that there isa maximum upload file size of 8 MB.  And currently,two of my files here exceed that limit.  As you can see the audio track andthe movie, or the video file exceed that 8 MB limit.  So I'm unable to upload those big images.  Right, I have three JPG imagesthat I got from Unsplash.  And by the way, you can find linksto this in the lesson notes.  These were uploaded withno problems whatsoever.  So now, if we go back toour Library we'll find our three JPG images that we just uploaded.  And from this point,we can do a number of things.  We can filter these by their type, so herewe have images, audio, video, unattached.  Currently I just have images, so I'mgonna just leave it on all media items.  You can filter by dates, all right,so when were these uploaded.  And also you can do a bulk select, which basically allows youto select multiple items.  And once you select them,you have the option to delete them, let's click Cancel there.  You can also search media items.  So if, for example, I'm searching for dog,or let's actually find the title here, it's Derek,it's actually the photographer's name.  So if we search for Derek,it's gonna find that picture right there.  Now when you open one of these pictures, you'll get to the Attachment Details page,or modal window.  Basically, it shows youthe image itself and a couple of different information here,the file name, the type,the date on which it was uploaded, the file size, andalso the dimensions in pixels.  Here, you can add an alt text.  So if the image goes missing,the alt text will be displayed instead.  This is actually very important, I recommend you always do this whenyou upload images in WordPress.  Or, in fact, just when you'reusing images in your websites, they should all have an alternative text.  The title, the caption, this is something that can bedisplayed in the front end, later on.  You can add the description.  Here it tells you, the author orthe person who uploaded it.  And you can also get a direct link tothat image so you can reference it later.  And here further down, you can delete it, you can edit some more details about it,and this takes to you a morecomplex edit page.  And I can also see it in its ownseparate page, just like this.  Now, when it comes to editing the actualimage and not its information, you can do that by clicking thisEdit Image button here under the image.  Now you have additional editingoptions for the image here, you can do an image rotation, forexample, using these controls.  You can scale the image to near dimensionby using this section right here.  You can do a crop, an image crop.  So if you just wanna save a portion ofthe image, you can do that, no problem.  Either by entering values manually here or by using the mouse just like I showed you.  And then you also have some settings forthe thumbnails.  Now, a thumbnail is actuallya smaller version of the big image that's usedusually in the blog index.  So the blog index is a page where yousee a list of your blog posts, okay?  And instead of displaying the wholeimage for each individual post, you can usually display a singlethumbnail, which is a smaller, resized version of the featuredimage in that post.  Well, this is what thesesettings refer to.  So that's how you can editthe images that you uploaded.  Now, how can you use this in a post ora page?  Well, images that are uploadedto the media library are available everywhere in WordPress.  So if you go to Posts, andwhen we go to the Hello World post, you'll see that I canadd the new block here.  I can search for image, and I can choose an imagefrom the media library.  And just like that,this image is now inserted into my post.  Let's do a quick refresh, and there it is.  Now, you can also use an image asa featured image for the post.  So while we're in here in Gutenberg,I can go to the right side bar, I can click Set featured image.  And I can choose,An image from my media library.  So now this has been set as myfeatured image, I can replace it or I can remove it altogether.  But if I save it, and I go back, You'll see that our postnow has two images.  So this is the featured image, which is like a descriptive image forthe post.  While this one is justan image inside the post, it's inside the content of the post.  And this is how it looks likeon this theme that we're using.  But if you're using a different theme,the image may be displayed differently.  If we open the post in its own page, you will see that the imageis now part of this large background that fillsup the entire screen.  While this image remained the same, thisis, as I was saying, part of the content.  So, that's how you work with images andposts.  It works exactly the same way in pages.  So we have the sample page.  And if we wanna add an image to it, we cando that through right here in the content.  And if we want to add a featured image,it's the exact same process.  Go to the right side here, set featuredimage, choose from media library, or you can upload an image then andthere directly.  And just choose the image that you want, select update, sonow our page looks like that.  You'll notice that this image that isdisplayed here has a filter apply to it, probably, it has this blue overlay,very cool, all right?  And that's a closer look at workingwith media files in a WordPress.  Now, let's move onto comments.  These represent anothercontent type in WordPress, alongside posts, users, and links.  So, in the next lesson you'lllearn what comments are all about, and how to manage them.  See you there.  Welcome to lesson number eight, your arenow at the halfway point in this course.  So big thanks forsticking around so far and I hope all the information that you got sofar is useful to you.  Now, let's talk about comments, originallyWordpress came out as a Blogging platform.  And as we all know,a Blog is basically a collection of posts.  Users can read those posts, andcan leave a message to each one.  Those messages are called comments.  Now even though WordPress hasevolved in all this time, and it's now somuch more than just a blogging platform, a comment system is still available.  So in this lesson you learn whatcomments are all about, and also how to manage these inside WordPress.  Let's begin.  Let's start by opening our front end.  And going to a post, forexample, Hello world!  Right here, in this metadata section,we see that we have one comment.  And to get to the comments, we can eitherscroll down until we find them right here.  Or we can simply click this link and it'sgonna take us to the comments section.  So a comment, as I was saying earlier, is a message attached to a specific post.  And that message can be added by theauthor of the post or by any other person.  In here, this is the author andthis is the date and time at which that message was added.  And by the way, this is a message thatalready came with WordPress by default.  This is the body of the comment.  And for each one,we have the option to edit.  Clicking on Edit will take us tothe backend, where we can edit the name, the email, the URL, andalso the body of that comment.  Or since we're on the front end,we can also reply to a comment.  So click in Reply,we can add our own comment, our own message, in reply to that comment.  So we're gonna post that.  And right now we have a newcomment made by admin, which is us, this is the date and time.  This was just posted and our comment body.  And we can go even further and we canreply to this again and again and again.  Now what you see here is called a gravata.  And a gravatar display an avatar that'sadded based on our email address.  So I'm registered on the Gravatarwebsite with my email address and with this avatar.  So this is what shows up here.  This commenter has this avatar.  And actually a very nice piece ofinformation here is that on this comments section right here on the top, we can see the avatars of the people whocommented and also the number of comments.  And we can also find that piece ofinformation right here at the top.  Now, if you want to addanother comment which is not a reply to any of the existing comments, we can simply use this section righthere where it says leave a comment.  So let's leave another comment, post.  And now we have a third comment,made by us that's displayed right here.  Now, the way commentsare being added is slightly different depending on whether ornot you are logged in.  So currently I'm logged in as Admin.  So all my information like Emailaddress and name are already saved.  But what if it was someone who is not yetregistered with WordPress or with this website like a regular visitor.  Well, let's say how thatwould look like for him.  So I'm going to copy this, andI'm gonna open an incognito window or a private window, AndI'm gonna paste that in.  Now notice,we have a couple of differences here.  First of all,we don't have that blackboard top.  That's because we're not logged in.  Second, we don't have the options to edit the comments right here,or the page itself.  The admin usually has those options.  See, when I'm logged in,I have the option to edit this page and also edit these comments.  Well here, for a regular visitor,those options are not available.  The regular visitor just seesthose comments as they are.  And also a bigger difference ishow a visitor leaves a comment.  So, of course we have the comment box butalso we need to give him a name and an email address andoptionally, a website.  So let's go ahead and do that right now.  Let's give it a name on the email.  Let's just do a random email address and website, my website.com.  We have the option to tell WordPressto save our name, email and website in this browser.  That's gonna create a cookie.  So we don't have to fill this in everytime we want to leave a comment.  So post a comment, okay?  And it tells us look, we have the,the name, our name here Adi.  For the avatar,we just have this placeholder because for that email address that we entered,there isn't a gravatar associated.  And it tells us that yourcomment is awaiting moderation.  So that means that when Igo back to my dashboard, under comments, as an admin of course, we can see that we have a new commentmade by Adi with this website and with this email address, andof course the comment itself.  We can see to which postthis comment was applied to, and also the date of submission.  And from here as an admin,I have the option to approve it and that's gonna be displayed on the website.  I have the option to reply,I have the option to edit that comment, but also mark it as Spam orsend it to Trash.  So if I approve the comment, andI go back here and I do a refresh, you'll see that this comment is nowpublic and can viewed by anyone.  If at some point I decide, okay,I want to delete that comment or simply unapprove it,I can go come back to my comments area, and I can click on Approve.  And now that comment, If we do a refresh, oops, Is again marked for moderation.  And is not, visible to the general public.  And that's it forworking with comments really.  It's very, very simple.  These work just as well forpages if a page has the comments approved, okay?  So let's go back to pages,on our sample page, right here on the right side,under discussion, we can check allow comments update.  Now I can open up my page, and right at the bottom, we have our comments.  I'm gonna say, yellow orHello, Post comment.  And now we have a comment that'sattached to a page instead of a post.  And that's it for comments.  Now, one of the key features in WordPressis represented by sidebars and widgets.  So, in the next lesson you'lllearn what's side bars and widgets are all about and also how to addand remove widgets from your website.  See you there.  Welcome to lesson number nine, wherewe'll talk about sidebars and widgets.  The use of these representsa very simple way of customizing the look andfunctionality of your website.  They've been around for a long time andthey're super easy to work with.  In this lesson, you'll learn whatsidebars and widgets are all about, and also how to add andremove widgets from your website.  Let's begin.  We're gonna start in the front end, where I'm gonna show youwhat a sidebar looks like.  And it's this one right here, actually,this entire area is considered a sidebar.  And each individual section,where it says recent posts, archive, recent comments, categories,meta, all of these are widgets.  Now the way a sidebar andwidgets look like depend on the theme, right, it depends on the themethat you have installed.  When you say sidebar,you think of something on the side, right?  Maybe something that would be right here,and in most cases a sidebar wouldbe positioned on the right side.  You would have the typical pagelayout with content on the left, probably around 75% of the page, and the rest of the 25% isdedicated to the sidebar.  But there are cases whenthe sidebar looks like this.  In other situations thereare sidebars in the footer, where you would see those columns.  That's also considered a sidebar,even though technically it's not on the side of the page, andit's on the bottom of the page.  But in the backend of WordPress,we also define that as a sidebar.  So, now that we know what it is,let's see how we can work with it.  You can access sidebars andwidgets by going to Appearance > Widgets.  And here the first section is foravailable widgets, which means all the widgetsavailable in your theme.  And here on the right,we can find the sidebars, in this case footer isthe name of the sidebar.  And this one is a little description.  So the widgets that you see here,are being displayed here in the front-end.  For example,if I want to remove the categories widget, all I got to do is click this anddelete it.  And that's it, it's automatically saved.  Now I can go back here, do a refresh, andyou'll see that that widget is now gone.  To add the new widget,all I got to do is simply click and drag from my list here, from my listof available widgets onto my sidebar.  So, for example, let's add a calendar.  Click and drag, andposition it anywhere I want.  Then I can give it a title.  I can say My Calendar,and I can click Save.  And now the front-end willdisplay that calendar.  Customizing widgets is really simple,you just have to open these.  And depending on the widget, you mighthave a couple of different options.  For example on this recent post widget,I can edit the title but also how many posts to show and alsowhether or not to display the post date.  On the recent comments, I can only definethe title and the number of comments.  On the meta, I can only define the title.  So, the options dependfrom widget to widget.  Now if at some point you decide, okay, let's go without this recent post widget, okay, and let's actually name this,My Posts.  Let's go without this for a while.  And you don't wanna delete it,because deleting it will also delete its settingsthat we just changed here.  So, if you wanna make it inactive,all you've gotta do is grab it and drag it down here whereit says Inactive Widgets.  So that actually removed that widget from the front-end, from the sidebar, but it kept all of its settings here, okay?  So now if at any point I decide, okay,I want this widget back on my sidebar, I can simply drag it from here andI can put it back in the sidebar.  So now, That widget is back.  And that's all there is to it really.  As I was saying, the location and also the number of sidebarsdepend from theme to theme.  You can have as many sidebars as you want.  And in those sidebars,you can have as many widgets as you want.  As we'll work with multiplethemes later in the course, you'll see that some ofthese sidebars will change.  We'll have more of them,they will be named differently.  But for now,know that this is the simplest way to work with widgets and sidebars.  Now, any website has some sortof navigation that allows users to open different pages,WordPress is no different.  So in the next lesson,you'll learn how to create and edit a menu, andthen use that menu in your website.  See you there.  Welcome to lesson number 10 andthe final one in this chapter.  Now, as I was saying previously, everywebsite nowadays has some sort of menu with links to various pages, and this isused as the primary means of navigation.  WordPress actually makes this task ofcreating menus really simple for us.  In this lesson, you'll learn howto create and edit a menu, and then use it in your website.  Let's begin.  To create menus,we would go to Appearance, Menus.  Here you can see all of the menus thatare created, or we can create a new one.  So let's give it a name.  Let's call it My menu.  Hit Enter, andnow our new menu is created.  So now what we have to do is basicallyselect which items we want in our menus.  Do we want pages?  I can grab these two,I can click Add to Menu.  I can grab posts.  Let's add that to the menu.  I can use a custom link and I can add that to the menu,or I can add categories.  So let's add that as well.  Now once we've added these in here, we can actually change theirorder by simple drag and drop.  Or we can make certain pages be sub-items or sub-menus.  So for example, here I made mypage a sub-item of sample page.  So let's go ahead and save that.  And now, if we do a quick refresh,you'll notice that nothing happens.  We don't actually have a menu.  And that's because hereis the way it works.  We need menu locations inorder to display menus.  So each theme has one ormore menu locations defined.  And after we've created our menu, all we have to do is assigna menu location, right?  Is it at the top of the page or the topof the website, in the main header?  Is it at the bottom ofthe page in the footer?  Is it somewhere on the side,in a side bar maybe.  Where these locationsare depends from theme to theme.  But to find out what locations we have, we can go in here in the backend under Manage Locations.  And as you can see,this theme has three menu locations.  We have a primary, a footer menu anda social links menu.  So if we are to define our menuhere in the primary location and save changes,when we refresh there is our menu.  There is the first page,and that's the drop down.  That's the external link andthat is the category.  If we want to place this menu in anotherlocation, for example in the footer, we can do that as well while keepingit in the primary as well, all right?  So here it is, in the primary location,but also we now have it in the footer.  And of course we can assign it tothe third menu location as well.  Now, we can do this assignment from thispage as well, where it says Edit Menus.  Under My Menu,you will see the existing locations and you can check which one of these youwant to use to display that menu.  So now, we just selected footer menu.  If we do a refresh,the menu is now gone from the primary on the top butit's still here at the bottom.  So again, we define our menu right here, we add menu items, andwe choose a location for that menu to appear.  If you want to delete a menu,we can click this link.  And if we want to add a new menu,well it's super simple, we just click this link,create the new menu.  Let's call this Second menu andwe're just going to have these two pages.  Okay, save, andlet's choose the primary as our location.  So now, doing a quick refresh, will show us our Second menuin the primary location, and our First menu in the footer location.  And when you go back to edit them, you just select which menu youwant to edit from this drop-down.  My menu, for example, select, and you'll be taken to the editing page forthat particular menu.  All right and that concludes the second chapter of thiscourse dedicated to content management.  In the final chapter we'llmainly discuss customization.  So, in the next lesson you'll learnabout the WordPress customizer, what it is and how you can use it tochange various aspects of your website.  See you there.  Welcome to lesson number 11,where we start the third and final chapter of this course.  Now, chapter two was aboutcontent management, but a huge part of WordPress isthe ability to customize the look and feel of the front end orthe actual website that you're building.  There are many ways to do that.  In this lesson, we'll have a look at oneof them called the WordPress customizer.  You'll learn what it is and how you can use it to changevarious aspects of the front end.  Let's begin.  So we're back here in the WordPressback end and to access the customizer, we can go to Appearance customize.  This will open up this editorwhere on the right side, we have an actual previewof the front end.  Except without these icons which are justvisible in this editing mode and this is just to edit certain parts.  And then on the left side,we have a sidebar with information about our project here and also variouscategories for different settings.  So WordPress Demo Tuts, this isthe name of our WordPress installation.  It tells us which themeis currently active.  We'll talk more aboutthemes in the next lesson.  But then let's go through each of thesecategories and see what they're all about.  Site identity allows us to upload a logo, change the site title, andthe tag line, and also, the site icon.  So the site icon is this littlething that you see right here, this is where you can change it.  Back colors actually allows us tochange the colors in our website.  So default is this blue that you see here.  Custom, we can changeit to whatever we want.  Maybe we want something along these lines.  And you can see a real timechange in the preview here.  This primary color is used for the links, it's also used to add this coloroverlay on top of the images.  It's also used here onthis block quote border, as you can see when we change it andthat changes as well.  It's also used in the buttons andalso, in the links.  Again, depending on the theme,you might have different options here.  For example, on this theme,I have the option to turn off this color overlay on the images andjust display the image as it is.  That's pretty cool.  By the way,if you want to save these changes, you need to publish them, so hit Publish.  Now those changes are livebecause if you don't hit Publish, those changes will not be saved.  Let's move on.  What else do we have, menus.  If you remember from the previous lesson,I showed you how to create and use menus in the website.  The way to do that was to go back tothe back end, go to the menu section and do it from there.  But you can also do itfrom the customizer.  From here,we can actually create a new menu.  So it's super simple, oryou can choose an existing one.  You can edit that right here andyou can also choose its location.  I can change it on the go,see how it looks in the preview.  And if I want to publish those changes,I can hit Publish from here.  How cool is that?  I can also set menusin the three locations by accessing this section right here.  It's very similar towhat we did previously.  But the advantage of using thissystem is that it's all in one place, so it's much easier to navigate andto use.  Next, we have widgets.  Similarly to what we do two lessons ago.  We can see all of my widgetsthat are in my footer and I can actually hover on them andthey will be highlighted on the screen.  So I know which is which.  If, for example, I want to get rid ofthe calendar, I can remove it from here.  I can click and drag to reorder these.  I can also, just like previously,open up each individual one and tweak their options.  And if I want more widgets,I can click this button, add a widget.  This opens up a list with allof the available widgets and I can simply click andthat widget will be added.  Let's add an image, add the widget andnow we can see our new widgets right here.  Let's call this Gallery, andnow it has a title as well.  Let's publish those changes andcheck out the rest of the options.  Homepage settings, this basically letsyou choose what your homepage displays.  Does it display the latest posts,like it does here?  Or do you want it todisplay a static page?  So you would have, let's saythe homepage as the sample here and the posts page could be an index ora dedicated page.  But you need to have that created,otherwise, just leave this as a default.  Finally, we have the option toadd some additional CSS in here that we can use to furthercustomize our front end, our website via CSS.  This is a little bit outsideof the scope of this course, so we're not gonna worryabout this too much.  Now, there are some options here forPublish.  You can make these changes andyou can either publish them right away.  Or you can choose to savea draft of the changes or you can schedule them togo live at a specific date.  Let's say, for example,that you're not really happy with how your website looks like now.  You make some changes herein the customizer but you don't want them published right away.  Maybe you want them published at the firstof the month or analytics or something.  You can schedule those changes to golive at any date at any time you want.  Once you have these changes here,you just hit Schedule or Save Draft or Publish andthe appropriate actions will be taken.  Now apart from having this greatpreview here on the right side.  The customizer also hasa very useful feature for previewing your pages onthree different screen sizes.  What we looked at so far is a large size,you can think of it as a desktop size.  But you can click these iconsat the bottom to change how it looks like on different devices.  Here is probably a tablet andhere it is on a mobile phone.  And you can see how the menus look like, how your page looks likeon smaller devices.  So, use these three options to view your website on different screen widths.  That's the customizer.  Now, if you want a complete overhaulof how your website looks like, you need to use another theme.  And that brings us tothe next lesson where you'll learn what WordPressthemes are all about.  Where you can get them,how to install them and how to modify them to suit your needs.  See you there.  Welcome to lesson number 12. Now, what makes WordPress sosuccessful is the theme system.  Basically, at its core,WordPress is a skeleton.  You then need to add a theme on top ofthat to first, display the content.  And second, to style how your content,your website looks and feels like, so it matches your brand,your design guidelines, and so on.  So in this lesson, you'll learn whatWordPress themes are all about, where you can get them,how to install them, and also how to modify themat a very basic level.  Let's begin.  So as I was saying, a theme needs tobe placed on top of the WordPress core in order to, first of all,display any kind of content.  And just to show you what a themelooks like, from a code point of view.  We can go to Appearance > Themes, and here we can see all ofthe themes that are installed.  And currently, the active one,as it says here, is 2019. And if we go to Theme Editor,we're gonna click I understand here, because this is a kind of a warning.  That tells us that hey, if you makeany direct changes to the theme files, you might break things orchange its functionality.  So we're gonna hit I understand.  And right here, you can see allof the theme files and folders, and it can open each individual one andyou'll see the theme code right here.  If you've never laid eyes on PHP code, then this might seem really,really complicated.  It's not very complicated,is just a lot of code to go through.  So if you're just gettingstarted with WordPress themes, I recommend you do not make anychanges to any of these theme files unless you absolutelyknow what you're doing, because you might break things,to put it bluntly.  You can also find these filesif we open up a Finder window.  And if we open our MAMPfolder wp-demo-tuts, we go to wp-content > themes.  And here, you'll see three folders,one folder for each theme that is currently installed,2019, 17, and 16. And you can access thosefiles here as well, you can open the folder in a code editorand you can edit the files like that.  Let's go back to themes.  Now let's change to a different theme,for example, this 2017. When you hover on it,you can get access to the theme details.  It basically tells you the name ofthe theme, the version, the author, also a short description,a list of tags, which most of the time refer to the featuresof that theme, and this is a screenshot.  So there are two choices here, you canactivate it immediately, and by doing that the new theme will go live on yourwebsite, or you can do a live preview.  And by doing the livepreview you can basically see how the theme would look like on yourwebsite without actually publishing it, or without actuallymaking the change live.  And once you're happy,you can hit Activate and Publish.  Or if you're not happy,you can click this little button and it's gonna take you back to the screen.  But let's say that we are happy withthe theme and we're gonna activate it, so let's click that.  And now, the active theme is 2017. And now if we refresh our front end,you'll see that it's completely changed.  And that's the power of themes, they takeyour content, which is basically the same no matter what you do andthey just display differently.  And differently means different colors,different fonts, different types faces, actually.  Different spacing among elements,different layouts for the page.  Notice that on this theme, the side bar is actually on the side ofthe main content right here on the right.  And just to show you another difference,if you remember the 2019 theme had a single sidebar,right?  Well, this one if we go to Widgets,you'll see that we have three sidebars.  We have blog sidebar,we have footer 1, and footer 2. So let's say that in footer 1,I wanna add maybe a pages widget and in footer 2 I wanna add a meta widget.  So now if we do a refresh,you'll notice that we have two extra sidebars displayedhere footer 1, footer 2. Same thing goes with menus,if we go to the menus now, you'll see that previously, we hadthree locations in the previous theme.  We had the primary, we had the footer,and we had the social location.  While here, we just have two,Top Menu and Social Links Menu.  And this, of course, works exactly the same way as Ishowed you in a previous lesson.  You just select which menu you wantto place in which menu location.  So this doesn't change, this works withany theme, it works exactly the same.  Now, by default WordPress comes pre-installed with these three themes Ibelieve, but you can add your own theme.  That's the great thing about WordPress andthere are so many themes to choose from.  First, if we go to wordpress.org, underThemes, we'll find a theme directory.  And we can choose to sort by Featured,Popular, Latest, and also we can choose to display themesthat have a specific feature set.  So we can choose a couple of these, right?  And we can choose to apply filters.  And then, the website will only showus themes that match this feature set.  But for now, let's clear,And let's go to Featured.  Now most of these themes are free,but they're also pretty basic.  If you want higher-quality and morecomplex themes, you can go to ThemeForest.  This is a huge, huge marketplace forWordPress themes.  Or you can go to Envato Elements and this also has a category forWordPress themes.  And you can find a lot of themes here.  Currently 929, but more will be added in the future,for sure.  So, let's say that you found a theme,right?  How do you install it?  Well, it's actually quite simple when youpurchase a theme or you download a theme.  You get an archive with the theme files,so let's demonstrate using a theme that we'regetting from the theme directory here.  Let's say this Trade Line theme, so we're gonna download this,we're gonna save it to our computer.  And we can find it here,where it says trade-line-1.6.2.zip.  So we don't actually need to unzip this.  We can install it very simplyby going to the back end, Add New Theme, Andthen click Upload Theme.  Browse, we'll choose Trade Line,Open, and Install Now.  And now the theme has beeninstalled successfully.  So if we go back to the themes page,you'll see Trade Line, and it's the new theme that we got.  Alternatively, if you do it manually, you will need to unzip this andthen copy the contents of that folder right here in the themes folderof our WordPress installation.  So if you go to MAMP orwhatever is that you installed WordPress, you enter the WordPress directory,wp-content > themes.  And you just paste the content ofthat theme in this folder, and that's gonna show up here and I can chooseto activate it or to do a live preview.  So let's see how the theme looks like.  A very colorful, definitely.  Let's activate it and see it live.  So again, a totally different lookfrom what we saw previously, right?  We have different colors,different layout here, different fonts, it's very, very interesting.  Now, if you want to install a theme from the official theme directory,you can do that directly from WordPress.  So when you go to Add New Theme,you'll actually see a list right here with the samethemes that we saw here.  So instead of opening a different websiteand downloading the theme from there, you can just browse thatlist from within WordPress.  So when you find the theme that you like,simply hit Preview or Install.  And that's gonna eliminate the needto download the theme manually and then uploading it here in the back end.  But again, this only works with themes that you get from the officialWordPress directory here.  So that's another theme that we installed.  And again,that looks completely different.  How cool is that?  Now, if you want to remove a theme thatyou installed, well, it's really easy.  You just click on the theme andyou have a little Delete link here.  Or you can go into your folder and delete the folder from here,it does exactly the same thing.  Just make sure that the folder you'redeleting is not the folder for the currently active theme,because that's gonna break your layout.  And one more thing before we wrap it up.  If you decide to usethe WordPress Customizer, you can also changethe active theme from here.  All right, so you can see the activetheme is currently Storto, but you can change it fromyour installed themes.  Or you can browse the themedirectory from here and choose the one that you like.  And certain themes will actually add morefeatures to your WordPress back end.  So for example,this Storto theme added some things here.  Under Colors, we have threedifferent colors now to choose from.  And we also have a section for social icons which wasn't there inthe previous theme that we were using.  We also have the option to select thebackground image, and so on and so forth.  So different themes may comewith different options.  And that's how you work with themes.  Now WordPress in itself isa pretty awesome platform, but you can always add extrafunctionality by using plugins.  So in the next lesson, you'll learn what plugins are all aboutand how to install and manage them.  See you there.  Welcome to lesson number 13. I'm sure that by now you'refamiliar with the term plugin, maybe you've used it in another app,or you've read about it, and a plugin is basically a piece of softwarethat provides extra functionality.  WordPress has support for plugins, and it actually has a ton ofplugins you can choose from.  In this lesson you will learn whatWordPress plugins are all about, how to install them,and how to manage them.  So let's begin.  To access plugins you would go tothe WordPress backend of course and then plugins.  Here, you'll see a listof all the installed plugins and also some options foreach one of them.  In order for one of these pluginsto work it needs to be active, and you can do that by clicking this link,or selecting each one, orones, you want to activate, and selection that action from here,and hit Apply.  So what are these plugins doing basically?  Well, it depends on each one.  For example,this one is an anti-spam plugin.  This one re-enables the WordPressclassic editor instead of.  This one, well,it's just there by default.  It's not really a plugin,but if you activate it, right, it's gonna display these funnymessages on the top of your pages.  Now you can find plugins ina lot of different places.  First, you can go to wordpress.org andopen up the plugin directory.  You have a lot,a lot of plugins here to choose from, or, if you want more complex ones,you can go to Code Canyon.  There are about 7000 pluginshere you can choose from, and you can buy it from here, oryou can go to Envato Elements, Then plugins, you can find 400 andsomething plugins here as well.  Now obviously, they're notthe only places you can get them, but these are the two places I recommend, the part of course from the WordPressofficial plugin repository.  So plugins install pretty muchin a similar way to themes, you just download a zipfile with the plugin files, and you just either copythat in the WPContent plugins folder, oryou just go to the backend.  Add new, and then if it's a pluginfrom the official repository, you can install it directly from here,or if it's from somewhere else, you can upload it by clicking browse and selecting the zip file that you got.  So let's install one from the repository.  Let's install Jetpack by WordPress.com.  This is a very large plugin that actuallyadds a lot to your WordPress installation, so it's recommended thatyou always get this.  Let's click Activate, okay?  So now Jetpack is installed, and the plugin also added an extra menuentry right here in the sidebar, and you can click that to access all of thefunctionality provided by the new plugin.  So again, this is functionalitythat wasn't here before, but instead we added via a plugin.  Now just be careful wheninstalling plugins that you check their compatibility with the currentWordPress version that you're using.  So if you install them from here, they'llactually give you a little indicator telling you that hey, this is indeedcompatible with your version of WordPress, so it's safe to install and activate.  But there are others that, forexample, this one, were untested, which are version of WordPress,so it might work, but it might also throw some errors andhave unexpected behavior.  So just be careful about that,and that's it for plugins.  Now, let's talk about users.  By default, WordPress starts withone registered user, the admin, but you can add more, and you cancontrol what those users have access to.  So, in the next lesson,you'll learn how to add new users and how to set individual permissions foreach one.  See you there.  Welcome to lesson number 14. As I was saying previously, WordPress starts by default with one user,the admin.  But you can have multiple users, and you can set individual permissions foreach and every one.  So in this lesson,you'll learn how to add new users, and how to set individual permissions foreach one.  Let's begin.  To see the list ofthe currently registered users, you would go to the WordPress backend andthen you would click Users, and this would bring up the full list.  Currently, there is only admin, which isthe person who installed WordPress or the person that you defined whenyou first installed WordPress.  And here you can edit that user and there are a lot of options foryou to choose from.  It can also have different colorschemes for different users.  And it can edit personal informationas well like first and last name, the nickname, the contact info.  If you have a website, your emailaddress which is required of course, and you can also edit yourbiographical info here.  And if you do this, this will actuallybe displayed depending on the theme.  It might be displayed belowthe articles that you publish.  And you can also changeyour profile picture and change your password ifthat's what you want.  So to add the new user,you would click Add New.  Let's give this a username,let's call it aditest.  For email,let's use one of my other email addresses.  Let's put in my name here,put in my website.  And let's use a very, very good password, it's not good but it's very simple.  So, let's confirm the use of weak password and here, I can choose the row of this new user, right?  So, is it a subscriber, a contributor, an author, and editor, or an administrator?  So each one of these roles hasdifferent permissions, okay?  Let's say that this user is a contributor.  So let's do that, Add New User, okay.  So now this shows upright here in my list.  And then,I can actually log in with this new user, and notice that my actionshere are very limited.  I mean compare this with the optionthat I have as an admin, look at this list here, andthen look at this list.  I can basically access the dashboard,I can access the lists of posts, butI cannot make changes to those posts.  I can add the new post andI can publish it, right.  However, this needs to be submitted forreview, right.  So I cannot publish it directly.  So now if I go back to myadmin account under Posts, you'll see that we have a hellopost that's pending review.  And I can choose to edit,to preview, to approve that post.  And WordPress is actually very smart,because it tells me that hey, this post is all ready being editedbecause I have the editor opened here.  But if I exit the editor, right, I can take over editing thatpost entirely and from here.  Because I'm the admin andbecause I have permissions, I can choose to publish orsave as draft and so on.  Now if I want to give this newuser different permissions, I wouldn't need to go to users,aditest, edit, I can change his color scheme,maybe use the sunrise, for example.  And I can change its role fromcontributor, right, to something else.  Maybe to author, or maybe to editor.  So let's do that.  Let's update user.  So now,if I do a refresh on this other account, you will see that I havethat new theme applied.  But I also have access tosome additional areas here, like media pages, comments, some tools,I'm not sure if these where there before.  But I do have access to more stuff becauseI am an editor and not a contributor.  And you can also changethe role from this old users view here simplyby selecting on user, and you can just use thisdropdown to change its role.  So if I want to go to a subscriber,instead I can do that, I can change it.  And now you'll see thatmy role is a subscriber.  And that's it forworking with multiple users.  Now, there might be a time when youwant to migrate your website from one WordPress installation to another.  Or you might want to import somecontent from somewhere else.  Well, you can totally do that withthe help of two dedicated tools.  So, in the next lesson,you'll learn how to use the import and export tools in WordPress and also,get a quick look at the site health tool.  See you there.  Welcome to lesson number 15. Now there are cases when you wouldwant to migrate your website from one WordPress installationto another, or you might want to import just certain posts orcertain pages from somewhere else.  Well that is super simpleto do in WordPress.  In this lesson you'll learn how to use theimport and export tools in WordPress and also get a quick look atthe site health tool.  Let's begin, sofirst of all let's cover exporting.  If you go to the WordPress back end and you select Tools,you'll see Import and Export.  If you select Export, you can choosewhat to export, all content or just Posts, Pages, and Media.  And on each of these, you have options.  Like, let's say for example you wantto export some posts, all right?  You can choose from which category,by which author, and also the start and end date.  And of course you can choose the Status.  If you want Pages youhave similar filters.  Same goes for Media.  But let's say we're gonnaexport all content.  Download Export file,save, and this creates an XML file that's named like this andalso it uses today's date.  And if we open that in a code editor,it's gonna look like this.  It's basically an XML filethat contains all information regarding your WordPress installation andits content.  Now if you want to import content likethis, you would use the Import tool.  And I actually downloaded an XML filecalled themeunittestdata.wordpress.xml.  This is a file provided by the WordPresstheme that's used for testing themes.  And it contains a whole bunchof different users posts, pages, attachments, and so on, and comments.  So when you click Import, you of course have the option toimport from multiple platforms.  And you can choose whichtool you want to use.  I'm gonna use WordPress.  So I'm gonna hit Install now.  And then once it's installed,I'm gonna hit Run Importer.  We're gonna browse for the file.  I'm gonna choose my XML file,Upload file and Import.  Now some of these authors are new, right?  Some of the authors fromthe file I'm importing.  So I have the option tocreate a new user for those authors orassign those posts to an existing author.  So let's assign these to admin andto Adrian Purdila.  And also I have the option to download andimport all the file attachments.  So let's do that as well, submit and we're gonna wait untilWordPress does its thing.  It's gonna take a little bit becausethat's quite a lot of content that's importing.  And we're done.  The import was successful.  So now if we go to Posts, you'll see that we have somany posts in here.  We have a lot of them, actually 53 posts.  If we go to Pages we'll see we havea whole lot more pages than we had before.  And also we have some commentsthat are awaiting approval.  And also if we go to Media,we have a lot more images added here and we can also see some video files andsome MP3, some audio tracks.  And looking at the front end, Right, we can see that WordPress hasnow been populated with all of the content that wasresiding in that XML file.  You can see from the archivesjust how much content we have.  A lot of posts, a lot of pages,so yeah, that's a very simple way of moving contentfrom one place to the other or just importing contentfrom somewhere else.  Now if you saw in Tools,there are some more options here.  Let me quickly go through each of these.  Site Health is actually a verycool tool developed by WordPress that gives you basically a statusof your WordPress installation.  And also, it tells you what you shouldfix and what you should improve.  In my case, it tells me that hey,you should remove inactive plugins, and it tells me that Ihave two inactive plugins.  I should remove inactive themes, and I also get some performancesuggestions here.  And also because I'm working locally,I don't have HTTPS applied, but we can also see all the past tests.  As you can see here, it ran 23 tests and it seems that pretty mucheverything is in order.  So this is a great toolthat you can use to check if your WordPress websiteis running properly.  You also have an Info tab here that basically shows youa more detailed view of this.  Moving on we have two options here,export and erase personal data.  So export personal data basically sends whatever data is saved in the WordPress database to a specific email address.  And I'm talking about user data, okay?  So you enter the username or email address of the user you wanna send the personal data to.  Send Request,you'll get a confirmation email and if you check that,you'll get your personal data.  And then you can also go ahead and erase the personal data.  So this is useful for when you are a registered user on a WordPress website and you are no longer.  So you want to erase your personal data from there.  Well, you can do that with this option.  All right, and that's a quick look at the tools available in WordPress.  Now, in the final lesson of this course you'll learn how to customize WordPress through its built-in settings.  See you then.  Welcome to the final lesson of this course, number 16. Thank you for making it this far, andI believe that by now, you have a much better understanding of what WordPress is,and how to work with it.  To wrap up this course, I thought it would be a good idea to go through the available settings in WordPress.  So in this lesson, you'll learn how to use some of the most common settings inWordPress to customize it to your liking.  Let's begin.  So we're back here inthe WordPress backend, and to access the settings,we'll just click the menu item here ,and you'll be able to go througheEach individual category.  So under General Settings,you'll find things like the site title and tagline, the site language,the timezone, and also, the date and time format,and these are visible.  For example,if we were to look at a post here, notice the date format, January 7, 2012. If we change it to oneof these other formats, This will be reflected inthe frontend right here.  Same goes for the time format.  Under Writing,we'll find settings for posts.  So when you create a new post,which is the default category that's gonna be assigned to, andyou can leave it at Uncategorized, or you can choose from oneof the available categories.  And you can also choosethe default post format.  These are the available post formats thatwe have here, and if you find yourself writing a specific postformat more often then you can change this here, soyou'll have an easier time later on.  So for example,if you're constantly posting quotes, or posts that have the format of a quote,you can change this here, right?  And whenever you write a new post, you'll see that that new poststarts as a quote post format.  You can also see it right here.  Now, going back to our settings,in Writing, you can also choose to post via email.  So by defining the mail server andthe login credentials, you can actually emaila specific email address, and that will automatically create the blogpost for you based on that email.  That's pretty cool.  Under Reading, we find some optionsthat we're actually familiar with, because we saw them in the customizer, andthat is, what does your homepage display?  Does it display your latest post ora static page?  We can change that here.  We can determine how many postsare displayed on blog pages, and you can change that number here.  And most commonly, this is used for choosing whether ornot search engines can index your website.  Under Discussion, we have settings, basically,for the comments system.  So you can change this settingindividually for each post and page, but you can also change it globally,all right?  So if you uncheck this, then none of your posts or pages can receive commentsunless you go in there and individually override that setting forposts and pages.  You also have some settings fornotifications, so when someone comments,you can get an email.  And you can also set up a blacklist forcomments, so when comments that are beingsubmitted contain a list of words, then you can put them inthe trash automatically.  So that's a very, very helpful features.  Then you also have a section fordealing with avatars.  You can choose whether or not to showthe avatars, and avatars are basically, see, we can't actually see them with thistheme, let's change the theme quickly.  Let's change this to 2019,Activate & Publish.  So now,let's find a post with some comments, like this one for example, andif we go to comments, right?  You'll see that by default,WordPress shows the avatars which are, well, these bits, these pictures rightnext to the author name, but you can choose not toby simply unchecking that.  And now, you'll see that we no longerhave the avatars displayed here.  Normally, I just leave them on default.  And forusers that do not have a custom avatar, I can choose what icon to display.  Next, under Media,we can define the image sizes.  So here is how it works.  When you upload an imagein the media library, WordPress will automatically generatedifferent images sizes for that image.  It's gonna generate a thumbnail, a medium,and a large size, and you can use this setting to define those dimensions,and these are in pixels.  Very, very helpful.  Under Permalinks,you can choose how the page or the post addresses looks likein the address bar here.  So now, they're set to this format,which basically does year, month, day, and the name of the page orpost, which is exactly what we have here.  But we can change that to,for example, just month and name, to numeric, orto a post name directly.  And if you select this bit,for example, and you save changes,you'll see that when we open up a post, it's just gonna havethe name of that post, it won't have the date there as well.  And finally, under Privacy, you can choose an existing page, or you can createa new page for the Privacy Policy page which is actually a newaddition in WordPress.  And of course,you can couple these settings with the settings that you get fromthe customizer or from other plugins.  Or you can even change the themefiles yourself, the CSS files, and really customize your WordPressinstallation in any way you want, really.  WordPress is a great platform,as I was saying in the beginning, and it gives you a high degree of freedomwhen it comes to customization.  So if you're after a different look,then you can grab another theme.  If you're after more functionality, right, you can grab plugins thatgive you that extra functionality.  All in all, that is this beginner'sguide to working with WordPress.  I really hope you learned a lot from it.